 The Canyon of Treska, with its geographic, geomorphologic, paedologic and vegetation diversity, contributed for development of extraordinary diversity of its living world, which is famous with its lots of kinds, ecologic types and forms. During the period of Pleistocene these Canyon biotopes served as refugiums of certain part of thermopile’s pre-glacial flora and terestic underground fauna. During the last millenniums they left as unique oases and enclaves on the previous and the recent flora and fauna as well. From recent researches there is scientific knowledge for determination of new kinds for the science, precisely from the Canyon of Treska, kinds for which this area is terra typica. So from the spineless fauna a new sub kind of river crab, then two new kinds of spiders, pseudo Scorpios are described. There are registered over 50 kinds of day and night butterflies as well as certain number of endemic micro Lepidoptera. All this shows that we are spiking of region rich from the aspect of biodiversity of Macedonia.  Building of the artificial lakes resulted with: violation and disappearing of the living spaces for large number of plants and animals, their migration, partial destroying of the genofond of certain number of representatives of flora and fauna. There will be changes not only of aspect of biological diversity, but also from the ambient scenery. Furthermore, this area is plentiful with caves and small caves, which is of special interest from the paleontology for the eventual presence of fossil fauna of Pleistocene, which describes the paleoecologic and paleoclimatic characteristics of the region. In this region there are more then 20 caves, from which most are small caves, where it is expected to be found rich paleontologic material of Pleistocene fauna. The flora of this region represents priceless diversity of vegetable spices with different genetic origins preserved in the refugium of Canyon Treska. This area is shelter of many thermopile plants which had migrated during the Pleistocene to wormer areas. Besides, this flora has arcto-alpes elements, as well as sub-Mediterranean. Previous researches showed diversity of interesting, rare, relict and endemic vegetable spices, Balkan as well as steno endemic. Some of them are described for the first time on this area and have special value for the science. The relict flora consists of tertiary and glacial elements. From tertiary relicts more significant is Koshanin’s, wooden violet and Natalie’s ramonda, representatives of one tropical family.  The great ecological and floral diversity of this area have caused development of large number of vegetable communities. The fauna of this area represents a complex form of zoogeographical elements, with different origin, age and widespread. Previous researches present spineless species only numerically. Snails are represented with large number of kinds, which are placed on the carbon stones. From this region is described one new for the science sub-kind of the Helicoids snails, as well as three other Balkan endemics. From other spineless groups, famous are discoveries of kinds that are scarce, but important for the science locus typicus. This refugium of spineless fauna creates conditions for life on different valley, mountain and sub-Alppes fauna elements. Insects represent qualitative and quantitative group, zoogeographical identity, plant-host, as well as degree of endanger for certain groups in the region. As for spine fauna, up-to-now researches provide more complete information for widespread of the different kinds of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, their number, vertical distribution, dynamics of populations and other ecological characteristics. |
